AP World Agenda, Study Guides for 25 and 26.

Once again, direct all complaints to Joseph. : D



Agenda (thanks to Tiffany for the help)

Feb 1
1. Test + packets
2. Due thurs: outline ch 24
3. Test ch 24 - fir - 2/5

Feb 2
1. Notes
2. Read Shooting an Elephant, White Man's Burden

Feb 3
1. Notes
2. Read, finish Shooting an Elephant, White Man's Burden

Feb 4
1. Turn in outlines
2. Work day
3. Test tomorrow

Feb 5
Test, packets

Feb 8
1. Notes + intro + maps - due Mon 2/22
2. Outline: Ch 25 due thurs 2/11, Ch 26 due Mon 2/22
3. Tests for both Mon 2/22

Feb 9
Same, Read doc p 596-597 - 3qs
Bring Books
Middle America: p 89 atlas

Feb 10
Same as 9th,
Read doc

Feb 11
Intro Ch 26 w/ maps
Read in-depth, doc
Bring books tom

Feb 12
Essay outline due thurs
Intro Ch 26 w/ maps
Read in-depth
Read doc

STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 25 (by Joseph)

1. Latin America was different than other regions outside direct control of western imperialism by realizing that they needed to solve their own problems without foreign intervention.
2. Latin American countries gained independence in the early 19th century. (1800’s)
3. Questions that Latin American countries pondered on were those that asked what kind of nations were theirs to be in the future, the form of government, the kind of society, the role of religion, and the nature of their economy were all thought about.
4. The Creole elite rejected the French revolution, because they could not support regicide, rejection of church authority, and the social leveling implied by the Declaration of the Rights of Man
5. Toussaint L’Overture led a rebellion in the French sugar colony in the Caribbean in 1791. The republic of Haiti was formed by this rebellion in 1804.
6. The independence of Haiti was a symbol of hope for slaves and free people of color in the Americas.
7. The revolution of Haiti persuaded neighboring Cuba and Puerto Rico to declare independence later; Haiti was an example to be avoided by the Latin American elite.
8. The event in Europe that precipitated the movements for independence in Latin America was the political situation caused by the French Revolution, conflicts that arose when Napoleon appointed his brother as king of Spain.
9. A. Father Miguel de Hildalgo was a conspirator leading Creoles in Mexico that called for help from the American Indians and mestizos of his region in 1810; lost support of his Creoles, and was captured and executed, but left behind an insurgency.

B. Augustin de Iturbide was a creole officer at the head of an army that was sent to eliminate Father Miguel’s insurgency, drew up an agreement with them instead, occupying Mexico City in 1821. Became emperor of mexico.

C. Simon Bolivar was a wealthy Creole officer who emerged as the leader of the revolt against spain; united Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador into Gran Colombia.

D. Jose de San Martin of Buenos Aires was a military commander who helped, with his Argentine army, the revolutionary forces of Chile and Peru gain independence.

10. All of Spanish South America gained independence by 1830.
11. The Napoleonic wars affected Portugal by driving the entire ruling family of Portugal to Brazil, which became the capital of the Portuguese empire.
12. Brazilian independence was achieved when the prince regent of the king of Portugal decided to stay, and became the emperor of Brazil. The fighting between brazil and Portugal lasted a year, but Brazil established independence
13. Brazil, unlike its neighbors, was a monarchy.
14. Catholicism was conflicted by South Americans. Most leaders wanted Catholicism as the main religion, and the defense of Catholicism rallied conservatives.
15. Haiti was the first state to abolish slavery (?????)
16. The states that made up Gran Colombia were Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela.
17. The political organizations of Latin America were varied; some had conservative colonial aristocracies. Most of the population remained outside of the political process.
18. Caudillos were independent leaders who dominated local areas by force and sometimes seized the national government themselves.
19. Centralists wanted to create strong centralized national governments with broad powers.
20. Liberals stressed the rights of the individual and attacked the corporate structure of colonial society.
21. Both liberals and conservatives believed in a federalist government.
22. England was the first European nation that offered recognition to Latin American states (??????????????)
23. The Monroe doctrine was a law passed by the United states saying that any attempt by a European power to colonize in the Americas would be a hostile act to the United States.
24. Britain replaced Spain as the dominant economic force in Latin America by the 1850’s.
25. The economy of Latin America stagnated between 1820-1850 because wars had destroyed many industries, roads were poor, and much money was still tied up in land.
26. Peru’s main exports were… guano? ??????????????????? (as a fertilizer)
27. The philosophy of Auguste Comte stressed observation and a scientific approach to the problems of society.
28. The leaders of the post 1860 governments were a new generation of politicians who had matured during the chaotic years of post independence politics.
29. Antonio lopez de Santa Ana was a caudillo, personalist, and autocratic leader. He basically created Mexican politics.
30. ???????
31. Manifest destiny is the belief that the United States is destined to rule the continent from coast to coast.
32. A. Guadalupe-Hildalgo was a treaty signed by the United States and México in which Mexico was to give up half of its land.

B. Benito Juarez was a humble American Indian who had received a legal education and eventually became the governor of his state.

C. Juan Manuel de Rosas was the leader of the Federalists. Under Rosas, the federalist program of a weak central government and local autonomy was instituted, favoring the ranchers of the Buenos Aires province and the merchants of the great port.

33. The new Brazilian export crop after its economic transformation during Dom Pedro II’s rule was coffee.
34. ????????
35. The status of women gained little ground during most of the century, but had participated actively in the independence movements. The remained, however, a crucial resource in family strategies.

Ch 26 Study Guide (me)

1. Succession of weak rulers, internal strife, European enemies taking away territories on all sides.
2. Provincial officials and ayan took much of the taxes, local artisans' positions were deteriorating
3. Austrian Hapsburg dynasty
   
4. Russia
5. Serbia
6. Ottomans driven from almost all of Balkans
7. Britain
8. Enacted some moderate reforms, but his more serious ones angered the bureaucracy and cost him his life.
9. Destroyed the Janaissaries, launched far-reaching reforms
10. 1839-1876 reorganized education, established railways and telegraph systems, and resulted in a constitution based on European prototypes.
11. 1876
12. Artisans, somewhat women
13. Few improvements were won until 1908
14. Abdul Hamid
15. Military, railways, and telegraph lines
16. Ottoman Society for Union and Progress (Young Turks)
17. Restored constitution, press freedoms; promised reforms in education, administration, and position of women
18. Italy
19. Initially favored coup, but went against after they realized the Turks would not let up on the subjugation
20. France
21. Mamluks
22. Muhammad Ali
23. Western-style military, increased production of cotton, somewhat improved harbors, extend irrigation, little achieved in education
24. European opposition
25. Building an industrial sector (once again due to European opposition)
26. Khedives
27. Vital commercial, military link between Europe, colonies
28. Thinkers such as al-Afgahni and Muhammad Abduh
29. Ahmad Orabi, resulted in rebellion being crushed by British
30. Khartoum
31. Many features of promised deliverer Mahdi (divine)
32. Took control of the Mahdists, built a strong state, pressured outside borders, defeated in fall of 1896
33. Qing
34. Kept the earlier Ming systems, including exams and bureaucracy. Qing occupied top positions, but Chinese had no limits on rising.
35. Allieviating rural distress and unrest, but could not control landlord classes
    
36. compradors: specialized in import-export trade on China's coast
37. Bureacuracy became corrupt, exam system rife with cheating, state projects lost money, rivers overflowed...
38. 1% of pop became addicted, nobles spent money on, disintegration of Chinese civilization
39. Lin Zexu
40. Chinese rises failed, British got even more power
41. Taiping Rebellion: led by Hong Xiuquan; posed serious alternative to Confucian civ., Qing dynasty. Attacked scholar-gentry
42. Days of Manchu numbered, Boxer rebellion put down, efforts failing
43. Feb. 1912