Ecliptic Times Chapter 29 Study Guide

At least for me there's some formatting issues,
(I blame notepad) so you can always copy paste it to a word
document or go here.


1. In the mid 1920s, relationships with the West were much more varied. Europe had been thrown into disarray due to the war, but had partially recovered. The general attitude of the time was one of stability and optimism.
2. The Kellog-Briand pact was the outlaw of war in 1928.
3. Internal political conflicts were pockmarked with much more extremist positions in both the left and right sides. The parliament was weakened as a result of these radical groups.
4. The Roaring 20s were a period of stability, even optimism, with clamed internal politics and economic prosperity.
5. Germany, the United States, and Britain granted women suffrage after World War I.
6. After the revolution, nationalism and indigenism were rampant, with the muralist movement and the formation of the PRI
7. The Cristeros were conservative peasants in Mexico that fought for the Church during the new reforms.
8. Indigenism is the concern for the indigenous peoples and their contributions to Mexican culture.
9. The reforms of the Mexican constitution of 1917 promised huge land reforms, large educational reforms, limited foreign ownership, and guaranteed worker's rights. The state did NOT take over Catholic church property. The church kept its land.
10. 40 million acres of communal holdings distributed in Mexico after the land reforms were enacted
11. Alvaro Obregon was an able general of the Mexican Revolution.His use of new European technologies and strategies allowed him to take power in Mexico in 1915.
12. The primary goal of Zapata's forces was land reform.
13. Francisco Madero was an elite of the Mexican state and ran against Porfirio Díaz's regime. He was thrown into jail, and the event began the revolution. Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata were both leaders of men who revolted against the old government and tried to take the new one. Villa led many cowboys and ranchers. Zapata wanted land reforms and led a peasant rebellion in Morelos.
14. The first politician to challange the Mex. govt. in 1910 was Francisco Madero.
15. Porfirio Díaz was the president of Mexico from 1876-1910, and ran a corrupt government that led up to the events of the Mexican Revolution.
16. The Mex. rev. began in 1910
17. At the end of the First World War, the United States emerged as the dominant foreign power in Latin America.
18. L. America affected by WWI: Disrupted traditional markets. Mex. Rev: changed govt., culture; lots of things, caused by internal forces.
19. The last Manchu emperor, Puyi, abdicated in 1912.
20. After the fall of the Qing, Mao Zedong and the Communist party were best positioned.
21. Japan was the biggest foreign country to play a role in China from the mid 1890s to 1945.
22. Sun Yat-Sen was the head of the Revolutionary Alliance.
23. After Sun Yat-sen had become president of the new parliamentary government of the Revolutionary Alliance, he passed it on to Yuan Shikai in 1912, thinking that a warlord would be more able to unite China. Yuan began building up his power, and was taken out in 1915 when he almost took over as the next emperor.
24. Japan gained influence in China by seizing German islands in the Pacific.
25. The goal of the May Fourth movement was to get intellectuals and students of china to transform it into a liberal democracy with Western-style reforms. However, this was ineffective against the powerful warlords who wanted power.
26. The Russian Revolution gave the intellectuals new attention towards the success of marxist ideas
27. Li Dazhao was the most influential and the first thinker of the Marxist discussion group at the University of Beijing.
28. Early Chinese Marxist philosophers focused on harnassing the vitality and renew
29. Early Marxist philosophers saw Chinese society in a different way from Marx and Lenin. The entirety of China was the proleteriat, and the bourgeiose was the dominating West.
30. The Guomindang were China's nationalist party.
31. Sun Yat-sen returned in 1919 after being exiled in 1914. He renamed his party to the Guomindang, and returned as leader.
32. By 1924, the nationalist party was allied with the communists, urban businessmen and merchants, and the Bolsheviks
33. Urban businessmen and coastal merchants were some of the biggest supporters of the Nationalist Party. The Bolsheviks of the Soviet Union were also big supporters at the beginning.
34. Chiang Kai-shek was the head of the Wampoa military academy who became the leader of the Guomindang.
35. The Nationalist Party's biggest failure was not dealing with the peasant problems. Sun made many promises that were never fulfilled.
36. Mao was committed to revolutionary solutions that depended on peasant support.
37. After Sun's death Chiang Kai-shek took over as the leader, and began building up power.
38. The new leader of the Nationalist (?) party was Chiang Kai-shek.
39. The communists and the Nationalist Party of China began to fight in 1927, when Chiang Kai-shek began turning his power upon them.
40.The Nat. smashing of the worker's movement caused the Com. party to undertake the Long March to Shanxi.
41. The Long March was headed by Mao Zedong, who led 90,000 followers in 1934 northwest for thousands of miles. They later reached the city of Shanai, which would be their new base.
42. The center of the Communist party was in Shanxi. (I'm guessing that this is after the Long March?)
43. The Russian Revolution first began in the city of St. Petersberg.
44. A soviet is a council of workers who, in Russia, forced the tsar to abdicate.
45. The beginning of the revolutionary government headed by Kerensky was not successful. While many leaders wanted liberal ideals, Russia was not ready for great change. Once Lenin took over, a Council of People's Commissars made up of soviets was created. However, Lenin wanted more power, and got rid of the parliament in favor of a Bolshevik-dominated Congress of Soviets.
46. Kerensky was a Russian Revolutionary leader who was eager to see genuine parliamentary rule. He lost to Stalin, who had him killed.
47. The initial revolutionary government failed in Russia because they were still war weary, and large liberal change was not something they were used to. Peasant unrest continued in many parts.
48. Lenin's Bolsheviks gained control of Russia, and had a Bolshevik monoploy in the name of the people's will.
49. Lenin's solution was a signing of a treaty with Germany that surrendered large parts of Russia's western landmass. However, the treaties at Versailles nullified the Germany treaty, and instead changed most of those lands into independent countries.