Ecliptic Times Chapter 30 Study Guide

Chapter 30 Review

This one all thanks to Justin Vu, edited by me

1. Many governmental actions taken in 1929 with the onset of depression revolved around the establishment of fascism, police states, and authoritarian/totalitarian power. Liberalism and its movements weakened during this time.
2. The Great Depression was triggered by new problems in industrial means and long term economic weakness/dependency in many countries.
3. Before the Great Depression, there had been a recession due to the aftermath of WWI from 1918 to 1923.
4. The Scandinavian response to the Great Depression was the increase of government spending and new levels of social insurance to protect against illness and unemployment. These were directed by moderate socialist parties and foreshadowed the welfare state.
5. The world’s first TV industry took hold in southern England.
6. Prior to WWII, Hitler forced the Jews to wear special emblems, seized their property and belongings, and threw them into concentration camps.
7. Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935.
8. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s plan was known as the “New Deal”.
9. The Popular Front in France was a mix of liberals, socialists, and communists in a party formed in 1936. It won the election, but was unable to enact strong social reform or foreign policies, and ultimately failed in 1938 after a losing attempt to aid liberals in Spain.
10. Factors that led to the development of fascism in Germany included the weakness of parliamentary democracy, corruption and conflict, the events after the war, and the rise of Adolf Hitler.
11. Anschluss was a long-sought union between Austria and Germany that Hitler proclaimed in 1938. Other nations threatened them but did nothing due to their own weakness.
12. Hitler dismantled Czechslovakia in March 1939 after taking many of the German portions in 1938.
13. Hitler was against the socialists and advocated rule under a single leader, as well as the return of old ways.
14. His government economic planning brought restored production levels, with particular emphasis on armaments construction.
15. The goal of Hitler’s foreign and military policies was to prepare for the advent of war.
16. The results of the 1932 elections in Germany were the Nazis winning the biggest slice of votes, which allowed Hitler to make arrangements in the legal rise to power in 1933.
17. Hitler had instated a totalitarian government that would exercise massive, direct control over virtually all the activities of its subjects.
18. The fascist political party in Spain that backed Franco was called the Falange. He was also supported by conservative landowners and Catholic leaders.
19. The downfall of the first Peronist government in 1955 was the loss of control and the opposition presented by democrats, industrialists, and the military. When Perón began a radical campaign against the Catholic church, he was exiled by military officers.
20. The country that did not specialize in the cash crop of coffee in the inter-war years was… well, there were a lot. I’m not sure about this one. The three that did were Colombia, Brazil, and Costa Rica. Perhaps that is a specific question on the test.
21. The political situation in Guatemala was… I have no clue. I couldn’t find this one anywhere.
22. Economists call the spurt of industrial growth experienced in L.A. import substitution industrialization.
23. The cousin of anarchism was syndicalism, the use of organization of labor in order to smash the state.
24. The movement that emphasized the organic nature of society was called corporatism, and used the state as a mediator for different social groups.
25. The co-conspirators in the Argentina military coup of 1929 were nationalists, fascists, and socialists.
26. Juan D. Perón and his wife Evita broadened the base of support in Argentina and were allied with workers, industrialists, and the military.
27. The type of government instituted by Getelio Vargas in Brazil was a new kind of centralized political program, where federal administrators took over the state governments. In 1937, he began an authoritarian regime within the context of nationalism and economic reforms.
28. The popular reformist president of Mexico was Lázaro Cárdenas.
29. The event that brought an end to many liberal governments in L.A. was World War I.
30. The difference between the liberal governments of Latin America and Europe was the fact that the middle class only gained power in conjunction with oligarchies or the military.
31. The movements in L. A. between 1914 and 1930 were a series of general strikes and labor unrest.
32. The role of the middle class in L.A. countries was to maintain political stability through connections with the traditional elite and to suit liberal ideas to the old ways of L.A.
33. The name of the spurt of industrial growth that occurred throughout L.A. was import substitution industrialization. (repeat?)
34. The Kulaks were a minority of wealthy, commercially oriented peasants who liked profit-based market agriculture and were put down by the millions in response to collectivization.
35. Soviet agricultural policy during Stalin’s rule was collectivization, where large state-run farms were set and mechanizing agriculture would be easier.
36. By 1936, the Japanese controlled 3.6% of world trade.
37. The depression in Japan hit hard in 1931, but active government policies eased suffering quickly.
38. The Japanese finance minister responsible for policies during the depression was Korekiyo Takahashi.
39. The Japanese government during the 1920s and 1930s began as an authoritarian state, but was soon taken over by the military in 1932. Another coup was attempted in 1936 but failed, but continued a line of militaristic prime ministers.
40. The leading military figure in the Japanese government following the failed coup in 1936 was Tojo Hideki.
41. The territories conquered by the Japanese at the end of 1938 were Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (Formosa).
42. Stalin’s agricultural policies were collectivization, and the results ended in the mixed response of peasants, as well as an adequate but not great source of food and morale.
43. The name of Stalin’s system of economic planning was the five-year plan.
44. The name of the top committee of the Communist Party was the Politburo, but they had little actual power.
45. Socialist Realism was the dominant school of art, focusing on the heroic idealization of workers, soldiers, and peasants.
46. Consumer goods production was slighted in the process of industrialization, which focused on heavy industry.
47. Kemal Ataturk led the independent nation of Turkey.
48. Persia became the modern country of Iran in 1935.